Predella panel from the Gavari Altarpiece (The Mond Crucifixion): A Miracle of Saint Jerome

Artist Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio or Santi) Italian, b. 1483, Urbino; d. 1520, Rome

Date1502–1503

MediumOil on poplar panel

Dimensions10 1/8 x 16 1/2 in. (25.7 x 41.9 cm)
Frame: 19 3/4 x 26 1/2 in. (50.2 x 67.3 cm)

ClassificationsPaintings

Credit LinePurchased with funds from Mrs. Nancy Susan Reynolds, the Sarah Graham Kenan Foundation, Julius H. Weitzner, and the State of North Carolina

Object numberG.65.21.1

On View

On view

ProvenanceCommissioned by Domenico Tommaso de’ Gavari for his family chapel in the church of San Domenico in Città di Castello, 1502-1503; acquired from the church in 1668 by Cardinal Bonifazio Bevilacqua, papal legate in Perugia 1600–1627 or Cardinal Cesare Rasponi, papal legate in Urbino, in 1668 [1]; Palazzo Borghese, Rome, before 1798 or 1799; William Young Ottley, Rome, 1798 or 1799; [Ottley sale, Christie’s, London, May 16, 1801, no. 10 (as from Palazzo Borghese)]; William Coningham; [Coningham sale, London, June 9, 1849 no. 42 (as “The Martyrdom of St. Placido”)]; William Stuart, 36 Hill St., London, before 1857 [2]; [Christie’s London March 19, 1875, lot 86 (as “The martyrdom of St Placida”; [Mr. Waters, 15 Buckingham Palace Rd., London, agent]; Sir Francis Cook (1817–1901) 1st bt., Doughty House, Richmond, Surrey, in 1875; by inheritance to his son, Sir Frederick Lucas Cook (1844–1920), 2d bt., Doughty House, Richmond, Surrey; by inheritance to his son, Sir Herbert Frederick Cook (1868–1939), 3d bt., Doughty House; by inheritance to his son, Sir Francis Ferdinand Maurice Cook (1907–1978), 4th bt., Doughty House and Cothay Manor, Somerset, until at least March 1, 1948 [3]; sold to Mrs. Derek Fitzgerald, Heathfield Park, Sussex, by 1953 [4]; [her sale, London, Sotheby’s, 3 July 1963, lot 19]; [Julius Weitzner, New York and London]; by whom sold to NCMA, 1965.

[1] Buchanan 1824, II, 22 no. 10, “Raffaele d’Urbino 10. MARTYRDOM of SAINTS, a very early Picture of this Prince of Painters, executed before he left the School of his master Perugino: from the Palace Borghese--1 foot 4½ by 10 inches.”

[2] Lender to British Institution, no. 23 as Martyrdom of Saints.

[3] Lent by Cook Collection to 5 Centuries of European Painting, Whitechapel Art Gallery, Whitechapel, February 3–March 14, 1948, no. 40. The entry was marked with an *, indicating that the painting had to be withdrawn from the exhibition on March 1.

[4] Referred to as in her collection by Cecil Gould, The Sixteenth-Century Italian Schools (excluding the Venetian), National Gallery Catalogues, London, 1953, p. 158, cat. no. 3943, “Raphael, Altarpiece: The Crucified Christ with the Virgin Mary, Saints and Angels”; cf. 1962 edition of same catalogue.

Published ReferencesWilliam Buchanan, Memoirs of Painting, Vol. 2 (London: R. Ackermann, Strand, 1824), 22, cat. no. 10 (as Martyrdom of Saints). G. Mancini, Istruzione storico-pittorica per visitare le Chiese e Palazzi di Città di Castello, Vol. 1 (Perugia: 1832), 235f. Pictures by Italian...Masters, (British Institution, London, 1857), no. 23. Crowe and Cavalcaselle, Raphael: His Life and Works, Vol. 1 (London: 1882), 125–127. G. Morelli, Kunstkritische Studien uber italienische Makerei, Vol. 3 (Leipzig: Die Galerie zu Berlin, 1893), 231, note 1. Herbert Cook, “La Collection de Sir Frederick Cook,” Les Arts (August 1905), 4. G. Gronau, “Zwei Predellenbilder von Raphael,” Monatshefte für Kunstwissenschaft 1 (1908), 107. Bernhard Berenson, The Central Italian Painters of the Renaissance, 2nd ed. (New York and London: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1909 revision), 234 (and subsequent editions). Adolf Rosenberg, Raffael: Des Meisters Gemälde (1909), 220-21, illus. 11. Adolph Paul Oppé, Raphael, Charles Mitchell, ed. (London: Methuen and Co., 1909), 26, 129, illus. pl. 11 (revised ed. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1970). Gronau, George. Raffael, des Meisters Gemãlde, “Klassiker der Kunst” series, 4th ed. (Stuttgart und Leipzig: Deutsche Verlag-Anstalt, 1909), 220-221, illus: pl. 11. “Collection of Pictures from the Umbrian School,” Burlington Fine Arts Club (1909), no. 37b. Frank Roy Fraprie, The Raphael Book (Boston: 1912), 230. J. Ffoulkes, “Il Catalogo Mond, Vol. 2,” L’Arte 15 (1912), 278. T. Borenius, Catalogue of the Paintings...in the Collection of Sir Frederick Cook (London: 1913), no. 64. O. Fischel, Raphaels Zeichnungen, Vol. 1 (Berlin: G. Grote’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1913), no. 68, Section 1. Adolfo Venturi, Storia dell’Arte Italiana, Vol. 7, Part 2, La Pittura del Quattrocento,” (Milan: Ulrico Hoepli, 1913), 800–803, note 766, illus. 608, 802. A. Venturi, Raffaello (Rome: E. Calzone, 1920), 109, 110, illus. 100, fig. 15. A. Venturi, Storia dell’Arte Italiana, Vol. 9, Part 2, “La Pittura del Cinquecento,” (Milan: Ulrico Hoepli, 1926), 102–105, illus. 104, fig. 32. P. Scubring, Idie Kunst der Hochrenaissance in Italien, Propyläen-Kunstgeschichte series, Vol. 9 (Berlin: Propyläen-Verlag, 1926), 39. Blake-More Godwin, “Pearls of English Collecting Now in America,” Art News (December 15–31, 1933), 17. Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker, Allgemeines Lexikon der bildenden Kunstler von der Antike bis Gegenwart, Vol. 29, Rosa-Scheffauer by Hans Vollmer, text on Raphael by Oskar Fischel (Leipzig: E.A. Seemann, 1935), 39. Luigi Serra, Raffaello (Turin: 1941), 32. Sergio Ortolani, Raffaello (Bergamo: Istituto Italiano Arti Grafiche, 1942), 16. Masterpieces from the Cook Collection (Toledo: 1944–45), 358. Blake-More Godwin, “Pearls of English Collecting Now in America,” Art News (December 15, 1944), 17. Ulrich Alexander Middeldorf, Raphael’s Drawings (New York: 1945), 31. Oskar Fischel, Raphael, 1st ed. (London: 1948), 358. Enzo Carli, Raffaello (Milan: 1951), unpaginated. Roberto Longhi, “Percoso di Raffaello Giovane” Paragone 65 (1955), 20. Ettore Camesasca, ed., Tutta la pittura di Raphaello (Milan: Rizzoli Editore, 1956), illus. pl. 15. Italian Art and Britain (London: Royal Academy, 1960), no. 316. Cecil Gould, National Gallery Catalogues: The Sixteenth-Century Italian Schools (London: The National Gallery, 1962), 158, 159. Ettore Camesasca, All the Paintings of Raphael, Part 1, Vol. 8, in Complete Library of World Art, translated by Luigi Grosso (London: Oldbourne Press 1963), 39, 62, illus. pl. 15 (as The Miracle of St. Jerome). Illustrated London News (June, 1963), 975, illus. Oskar Fischel, Raphael (Berlin: Gebr. Mann, 1962), illus. pl. 27a; English version translated by Bernard Rackham (London: Spring Books, 1964), 358 “Les Glorieux Grands Mâitres,” Connaissance des Arts (December 1963), 119, illus. 118; in re. Sotheby sale, July 3, 1963. Alfred Werner, “Berichte,” Pantheon (September–October 1965), 324, illus. 324. The Art Quarterly 28, no. 4 (1965), 315, illus. 318. Creighton Gilbert, “A Miracle by Raphael,” North Carolina Museum of Art Bulletin 6, no. 1 (Fall 1965), 3–35, illus. (color) cover, (b-w) 2, detail (b-w) 31, fig. 20. Charles W. Stanford, Masterpieces in the North Carolina Museum of Art (Raleigh: North Carolina Museum of Art, 1966), no. 30, illus. (color). Gazette des Beaux-Arts, supplement no. 1165 (February 1966), 45, illus. Jane Hall, “Art Museum Acquires a Rare Raphael,” Raleigh News and Observer (November 7, 1965), Section III, discussed and illus. (color). Cecil Gould, “Raphael’s St. Jerome Punishing Sabinian,” Art News 65, no. 4 (Summer 1966), 44–46, 68–69, illus. 44. Raphael: Dritisches Verzeichnis der Gemalde Wandbilder und Bildteppiche (Munich: Bruckmann, 1966), 62. Luitpold Dussler, Raffael: Kritisches Verzeichnis der Gemäld, Wandbilder und Bildteppiche, Bruckmann’s Beitrage zur Kunstwissenschaft Series (Munich: F. Bruckmann, 1966), no. 110. Michele Prisco and Pierluigi de Vecchi, L’opera completa di Raffaello, from series Classici dell’Arte (Milan: Rizzoli, 1966), cat. no. 23c., illus. 89. Pierluigi de Vecchi, The Complete Paintings of Raphael, introduction by Richard Cocke (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1966), cat. no. 23c, illus. 89. Harold Haydon, Great Art Treasures in America’s Smaller Museums, Country Beautiful Editors (New York: 1967), 96, illus. North Carolina Architect, 20th Anniversary North Carolina Museum of Art 1947-1967 (Raleigh, NC: The North Carolina Chapter of the American Institute of Architects, 1967) 37. Artwork included without mention in writing. Luisa Becherucci, “Raffaello e la pittura,” in Raffaello—L’opera. Le fonti. La Fortuna, I, (Novara: 1968), 25-28. The Complete Work of Raphael, introduction by Mario Salmi (New York: Reynal & Co., 1969), cat. no. 22–23, illus. 27 (listed as in Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga, Lisbon). A. P. Oppé, Raphael, rev. ed. by Charles Mitchell (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1970), 26–28, illus. 27. Exhibition Number One from the Permanent Collection (exhibition catalogue) (Raleigh: North Carolina Museum of Art, 1970), 32, illus. (color) 33. Luitpold Dussler, Raphael: A Critical Catalogue of His Pictures, Wall-Paintings and Tapestries, translation by Sebastian Cruft (London and New York: The Phaidon Press, 1971), 10, illus. pl. 24. The Open University Arts: A Third Level Course, Altarpieces/Sixteenth Century Italian Sculpture (1979), 21, illus. pl. 15. Wilhelm Kelber, Raphael von Urbino: Leben und Werk (Stuttgart: Urachhaus,1979), cat. no. 23, illus. 71. Laurie Fusco, “The Use Of Sculptural Models by Painters in Fifteenth-Century Italy,” The Art Bulletin 64, no. 2 (1982), 175–194, mentioned 94, Appendix 2. Jean-Pierre Cuzin, Raphael: Vie et Oeuvre (Fribourg: Office du Livre, 1983), cat. no. 29, illus. (color) 37, pl. 29. David Allan Brown, Raphael and America (exhibition catalogue) (Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1983), 113–114, 188–189 (notes 12–20), 205, illus. (color) 114, pl. 8. Edgar Peters Bowron, ed., Introduction to the Collections (Chapel Hill: published for the North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh, by The University of North Carolina Press, 1983), xiv, illus. (color) 8. Eckhart Knab and Erwin Mitsch, Konrad Oberhuber, Silvia Ferino-Pagden, Raphael die Zeichnungen (Stuttgart: Urachhaus, 1983), 85, illus. Roger Jones and Nicholas Penny, Raphael (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1984), 21, illus. 22. Thomas S. Kenan, III, Sarah Graham Kenan Foundation: A History (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1984), 21, illus. 22. “Comitato di Città di Castello per le celebrazioni del quinto centenario della nascita di Raffaello,” Raffaello giovane e Città di Castello (exhibition catalogue) (1984), 66–67, illus. fig. 42. Finley Hooper and Matthew Schwartz, Roman Letters (Detroit: Wayne State University, 1991), 230, illus. Introduction to the Collections, rev. ed. (Raleigh: North Carolina Museum of Art, 1992), illus. (color) 172. Joseph Antenucci Becherer, et al, Pietro Perugino: Master of the Italian Renaissance (exhibition catalogue) (New York: published for the Grand Rapids Art Museum, Grand Rapids, MI, by Rizzoli, 1997), briefly discussed 161, illus. (b-w) 160, fig. 59 (catalogue only, not in exhibition). David Steel, entry for St. Jerome Punishing the Heretic Sabinian, in North Carolina Museum of Art: Handbook of the Collections, Rebecca Martin Nagy, ed. (Raleigh: North Carolina Museum of Art, 1998), 115, 127, illus. (color) 127, detail (color) 114. Christoph Wagner, Farbe und Metapher (Berlin: Gebr. Mann Verlag, 1999), 16, 216, 259, 360, 380, 414–427, 429, 438, 441, illus. (color) no. 48. Jürg Meyer zur Capellen, Raphael: The Paintings, Vol. 1 (Landshut: Arcos Verlag, 2001), 123–25, illus. (b-w) 124. Tom Henry, “Raphael’s Altar-Piece Patrons in Città di Castello,” The Burlington Magazine 144, no. 1190 (May 2002), 273, illus. (b-w) 275. Hugo Chapman, Tom Henry, and Carol Plazzotta, Raphael: From Urbino to Rome (exhibition catalogue) (London: National Gallery Company, Limited, 2004), cat. no. 30, illus. (color). C. Galassi, “‘Le prince de l’art chrétien’” al tempo delle requisizioni francesi,” In Perugino il divin pittore (exhibition catalogue) (Cinisello Balsamo, 2004), 427–434. Tom Henry and Francesco Federico Mancini, Gli esordi di Raffaello tra Urbino, Città di Castello e Perugia (exhibition catalogue) (Castello: Edimond, 2006), mentioned 41, illus. (color) 43, fig. 17 (catalogue only, not in exhibition). Linda Wolk-Simon, “Raphael at the Metropolitan: The Colonna Alterpiece,” The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin (exhibition catalogue) (Spring 2006), cat. no. 2b, illus. (color) 66. Eva-Bettina Krems, “’la qual novità piaceva molto a’ popoli’ : a proposito della novità nelle pale di altare di Raffaello,” in Atti e Studi. Accademia Raffaello 1, 2007, [9–54] 31–33. Fausta Gualdi, “Per Pintoricchio e Raffaelo giovane: nuovi esiti di ricerche e ‘adornamenti’, libri, animali, oreficerie,” in Accademia Raffaello. Atti e studi 2, 2007, [75–109] 77–82. Lorenza Mochi Onori, Raffaello e Urbino: La sua formazione e I rapporti con la città natale (exhibition catalogue) (Urbino: Electa-Mondadori, 2009), cat. no. 35, illus. (color), detail (color) 66. David Steel, entry for St. Jerome Saving Sylvanus and Punishing the Heretic Sabinianus, in North Carolina Museum of Art: Handbook of the Collections, rev. ed. (Raleigh: North Carolina Museum of Art, 2010), 266, illus. (color) 267. Joachim Jacoby, “Raphael: Draughtsman and Storyteller,” in Raphael: Drawings, Joachim Jacoby and Martin Sonnabend, eds., (exhibition catalogue) (Munich: Hirmer Verlag for Städel Museum, Frankfurt, 2012), briefly discussed 16, illus. (color), 17, fig. 4 (catalogue only, not in exhibition). Norman B. Smith, Christianity in a Doubting Age (Alan Brilliant, 2012), illus. (color) 57. Antonio Paolucci, Raphael, or “Complete Perfection,” (Vatican City: Edizioni Musei Vaticani, 2015), illus. (color) 102 and listed and illus. (color) 360, cat. 12c.

Exhibition HistoryLisbon, Museu das Janelas Verdes, "Catalogo-guia do Museu das Janelas Verdes," n.d. London, British Institution, "Raphael Sanzio," 1857, cat. no. 23 (see Century Loan Exhibitions by Algernon Graves, as Martyrdom of Saints by William Stuart). London, Royal Academy, "Exhibition of Works by the Old Masters, Raphael Sanzio," 1902, cat. no. 16 (see Century Loans Exhibitions by Algernon Graves, as A Legend of St. Nicholas). London, Burlington Fine Arts Club, "Collection of Pictures from the Umbrian School, Raphael Sanzio," 1902, cat. no. 37b (see Century Loan Exhibitions by Algernon Graves, as St. Jerome Punishing Sabinicus; Sir Frederick Cook). Bath, The Holburne of Menstrie Museum, "Loan Exhibition from the Cook Collection," 1948, cat. no. 64. London, Whitechapel Art Gallery, "Five Centuries of European Painting," 1948, cat. no. 40. London, Royal Academy of Arts, "Italian Art and Britain," 1960, cat. no. 316. London, Sotheby & Co., "Catalogue of Highly Important Old Master Paintings," July 3, 1963, cat. no. 19, illus. 20. Raleigh, NC, North Carolina Museum of Art, "Exhibition Number One from the Permanent Collection," October 1970, 32, illus. (color) 33. Washington, DC, National Gallery of Art, "Raphael and America," 1983, cat. no. 53, illus. (color) 114, pl. 8. Città di Castello, Comitato di Città di Castello per le celebrazioni del quinto centenario della nascita di Raffaello, "Raffaello, giovane e Città di Castello," 1984, cat. no. 42. London, National Gallery of Art, "Raphael: From Urbino to Rome," October 20, 2004-January 16, 2005, cat. no. 30, illus. (color). New York, NY, "Raphael at the Metropolitan: The Colonna Altarpiece," June 20-September 3, 2006, cat. no. 2b, illus. (color). Urbino, Italy, Galleria Nazionale delle Marche, "Raffaello e Urbino: La sua formazione e I rapporti con la città natale," April 4-July 12, 2009, cat. no. 35, illus. (color), detail (color) 66. Raleigh, NC, North Carolina Museum of Art, "The People's Collection, Reimagined," October 7, 2022–present.

Object Rights Statement

The North Carolina Museum of Art (NCMA) makes images of its collection available online to support research and scholarship and to inform and educate the public. Certain works of art, as well as the photographs of those works of art, may be protected by copyright, trademark, or related interests not owned by the NCMA. The responsibility for ascertaining whether any such rights exist and for obtaining all other necessary permissions remains with the applicant. To request images and/or permissions from the NCMA, please complete our online request form.